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Home > Beyond fossil fuels

Beyond fossil fuels

Fossil fuels are fast losing their social license. It is becoming increasingly evident that countries’ continued reliance on dirty hydrocarbons escalates the climate crisis, worsens air pollution and enables war.

Long touted as a ‘bridge fuel,’ fossil gas now needs to be recognised by policymakers for the hurdle to the energy transition that it is, and multilateral development banks should urgently end support for gas projects and gas-dependent companies.

The energy transition has to be just and fast, with citizens, municipalities and workers as critical participants in the process. We are working to ensure no more public money is spent on coal, and public finance is used to accelerate this transition.

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We provide updates in English from the Balkans and other coal regions.





IN FOCUS


Coal in the Balkans

In contrast to most EU countries, governments across southeast Europe plan new lignite power plants during the next few years. All the projects have serious economic, environmental and legal weaknesses, which would burden electricity consumers and taxpayers for years to come.

Fossil gas

Fossil gas is the new coal. Although often labelled ‘natural,’ fossil gas is a major driver of the climate crisis. There is no more room for new investments in fossil gas projects if we are to avert the worst impacts of the climate crisis and set a path towards decarbonisation.

District heating

District heating and individual heating are still dominated by fossil fuels and inefficient burning of wood without regard to sustainability criteria, in combination with a low degree of energy efficiency. This has to change, since heating plays a crucial role in the transition into a clean and zero-carbon economy.

Just transition

No one should be left behind when we reconstruct our world into one driven by clean energy. Working on just transition brings all actors who believe in fair regional redevelopment to the same table: unions, industry, public administration, governments, civil society and others sharing this goal.

Modernisation fund

The Modernisation Fund can make a big difference. Redirecting future spending away from polluting energy sources while increasing support for sustainable energy investments would help Europe reduce emissions, slash air pollution, cut energy bills, improve energy security, and end the EU’s dependence on authoritarian regimes. To realise its potential, the Modernisation Fund needs to reform. 

But will the EU seize the opportunity or leave its citizens to suffer the consequences? 

Documentary: Turning the Tide

Our documentary exposes, for the first time, the extent of financial support four of the world’s leading multilateral development banks (MDBs) – the World Bank, the European Investment Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development – have been providing to the global fossil fuels industry over the past 13 years. 

Our analysis shows that since 2008, the oil, coal and gas business has been enjoying no less than EUR 81.5 billion in support from these government-owned financial institutions in the form of loans, grants, credit lines and guarantees. 

 

Coal projects

Ugljevik power plant, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Commissioned in 1985, the 300 MW coal power plant in Ugljevik, Bosnia and Herzegovina, has become famous for emitting more sulphur dioxide than all of Germany’s coal power plants in 2019. 


Pljevlja I power plant, Montenegro

The existing 225 MW Pljevlja thermal power plant in the north of Montenegro, near the borders with Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, has been operating since 1982. The plant was originally planned to comprise two units but the second one was never built. The plant, along with the extensive use of coal and wood for heating, has caused unbearably bad air quality in the town.


Kostolac B power plant (B1, B2), Serbia

The Kostolac B power plant, consisting of 2 units of 350 MW each, first started operating in 1987. In 2023, the plant delivered 4445 GWh of electricity to the grid, nearly 20 per cent of the country’s coal-based generation.


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Latest news

The Connecting Europe Facility for Energy: Funding fiction, failing climate

Blog entry | 15 July, 2025

The Clean Industrial Deal envisions an expansion of both hydrogen and carbon capture throughout the EU. The experts’ prevailing view is that hydrogen can only advance the energy transition in a few hard-to-abate sectors, and there are serious concerns over the very viability of carbon capture, especially at scale. Yet our latest analysis reveals that a little-known EU infrastructure fund has been handing out hundreds of millions to these dubious technologies.

Read more

EU climate fund shrinks support for dirty energy

Press release | 4 July, 2025

In its largest investment round to date, the EU’’s Modernisation Fund extended support to multiple schemes and projects to advance the energy transition, but damaging projects still get a slice.

Read more

Serbia’s district heating crisis: Gas dependence fuels price volatility

Blog entry | 1 July, 2025

Serbia’s district heating sector is facing an unprecedented crisis, driven by an overreliance on imported fossil fuels – particularly fossil gas – and an inability to control energy prices. This dependence puts the sector at a significant risk of collapse in the coming years, threatening the basic heating needs of millions of citizens. It also underscores the urgent need for the Serbian government to diversify the district heating system by integrating sustainable renewable energy sources.

Read more

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Related publications

A well-designed national energy efficiency fund in North Macedonia will enable long-term energy savings in the residential and public sectors

Briefing | 20 December, 2024 | Download PDF

National energy efficiency funds are widely recognised as a highly effective mechanism for boosting investment across all sectors. However, their success depends on careful design and implementation.


Joint statement: Urgent call to IFC and EBRD to impose conditionalities on Oyu Tolgoi’s new loan

Joint statement | 20 December, 2024 | Download PDF

Civil society organisations from across the globe have signed a joint statement opposing a proposed new loan for the Oyu Tolgoi mine in Mongolia.


The European Commission’s proposed Reform and Growth Facility for the Republic of Moldova

Briefing | 4 December, 2024 | Download PDF

This briefing draws on the experience of the EU’s Recovery and Resilience Facility and the Western Balkans Reform and Growth Facility, approved earlier this year, to suggest improvements to the proposed Regulation.


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