Established to promote the transition to market-oriented economies in countries committed to multiparty democracy, the EBRD’s lending often destroys nature and harms communities by failing to conduct proper human rights due diligence and informed public participation.
Alternative news on the EBRD
Harsh economic realities and the discernible trend of democratic retrenchment in EBRD recipient countries suggest there are serious deficiencies in the bank’s overall ‘market-oriented’ approach.
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Background
Created after the fall of the Berlin Wall to promote the transition to a free-market economy, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is a leading institutional investor in Central and Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Mediterranean regions. The bank is unique among multilateral development banks with its political mandate that commits its countries of operation to multiparty democracy, the rule of law and respect for human rights. The bank also has a strong mandate to promote sustainable development within ecological limits in the full range of its activities.
Despite its unique statute, the EBRD invests more than half of its portfolio in countries rated as authoritarian and hybrid regimes by the Economist Intelligence Unit. The bank’s newest Strategic and Capital Framework till 2025 foresees that only half of its portfolio will be green. Although the bank actively promotes a green economy and decarbonisation as key qualities of transition, it still invests in fossil fuels and carbon lock-in.
Our critique of the EBRD
Although the EBRD aims to align its investments with the Paris Agreement and to invest more than half of its portfolio in Green Economy Transition projects, the bank still invests in fossil fuels. Natural gas is no longer seen as a transition fuel, according to the International Energy Agency, so the EBRD urgently needs to review its energy and to develop a new climate strategy. EBRD’s investments should enable the just transition in our countries and a shift away from fossil fuels dependence and stranded carbon assets to carbon neutral development.
The EBRD has a well-developed and yet ineffective system for assessing political risks and safeguarding human rights. Unfortunately, there are many loopholes in this system that allow for projects to inflict harm on local communities and individuals, as our monitoring on the ground shows. The EBRD needs to plug the loopholes to ensure a watertight operational approach that delivers effective protection and promotion of human rights.
EBRD’s Crisis Response
The EBRD has responded promptly to the pandemic and the war in Ukraine with solidarity and resilience packages, as well as policy advice and analysis of best practice in areas such as occupational health and safety, digital governance, migration and support for refugees. The bank needs to ensure robust due diligence for its crisis response investments and compliance with transparency, sustainability and integrity standards.
Deteriorating democracy in EBRD countries
The EBRD was given a core mandate to promote a transition to market economy in former centrally planned economies, which was expected to go hand-in-hand with the democratisation of these countries.
Three decades down the road, the state of democracy, the rule of law and respect for human rights are deteriorating significantly in many EBRD recipient countries, whilst the Bank has done little to revisit its engagement.
FEATURED PUBLICATIONS
New beginnings at 30: can the EBRD leave behind fossil gas to become a bank fit for our future?
From power plants in Uzbekistan, to extensive new storage and transmission infrastructure in Cyprus, to Romania’s stranded pipeline, to upgrading and constructing new heating systems, we show that the EBRD’s plans for fossil gas are set to lead to fossil fuel lock-in and stifle climate action.
Balancing gender opportunities and risks: Gender impacts of the EBRD’s investments in Uzbekistan
This report analyses the gender impact of the EBRD’s portfolio in Uzbekistan. It is based on an analysis of the documentation for nine projects and one programme which claim to promote gender equality, mainly with a focus on women’s economic empowerment.
EBRD PROJECTS WE MONITOR
The Khada Valley, Georgia
The Khada Valley in Georgia brings together exceptional biodiversity, precious cultural and archeological heritage, and mountainous villages which have preserved rich traditions and historical lifestyles. But all of this might vanish if a 23-kilometer road from Georgia to Russia – the Kvesheti-Kobi project – is built.
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Minerals mining and supply chains
Global demand for minerals and other critical raw materials is intensified by the just transition to renewable energy and the digital transformation agenda. Therefore sustainable supply chains of minerals are fundamental to addressing the climate crisis and the Covid-19 crisis that humanity is facing today. The European Union needs to innovate and find solutions to achieve its circular economy and resource use reduction objectives and to meet the demand of EU’s industry and consumers, while still protecting communities and nature threatened by mining.
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Amulsar gold mine, Armenia
Since 2016 the controversial Amulsar gold mine project is being developed by Armenia’s largest foreign investor, an international mining company Lydian, near the touristic spa town of Jermuk.
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LATEST UPDATES
Seven years after joining the EBRD’s Green Cities programme, is Yerevan’s green future going up in flames?
Blog entry | 2 June, 2023In May 2023, a massive fire broke out at the Nubarashen landfill on the outskirts of Yerevan, enveloping the city in a cloud of toxic smoke generated by the burning waste. It took 10 days and 2,300 truckloads of soil to extinguish the flames. Coming seven years after Yerevan became a pioneer by joining the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)’s Green Cities initiative, this incident is a stark reminder of the urgent need to adopt a safer and more sustainable approach to waste management and urban planning.
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Implementation of Yerevan’s Green City Action Plan
Publication | 2 June, 2023This report assesses the extent to which the actions, targets and objectives set out in Yerevan’s GCAP have been implemented and how this has affected the city’s environmental conditions.
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The unexplained backtracking of the EBRD and Tbilisi City Hall: why did they keep the contract with a Russian company?
Press release | 13 March, 2023The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) is providing funding to Tbilisi City Hall to purchase metro cars for the Georgian capital’s metro system from a Russian company, Metrowagonmash. The company is part of Transmashholding, whose shareholders – Russian oligarchs Iskander Makhmudov and Andrey Bokarev – are closely linked with the Kremlin and its defence industry. Metrowagonmash’s sister company is also reportedly providing engines for Russian warships.
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