ARCHIVED: Kresna gorge / Struma motorway, Bulgaria
The Struma motorway is tragically emblematic of an EU-funded project that has wrought havoc on European biodiversity and the wishes of local communities. In spite of two decades of protest by civil society and citizens, part of the Struma motorway section is planned directly through the Kresna gorge, a Natura 2000 site and Bulgaria’s richest biodiversity hotspot.
Stay informed
We closely follow international public finance and bring critical updates from the ground.
Key facts
Financing:
- EIB: EUR 57 million
- EU funds: EUR 605 million
Location:
Key issues
1. The proposed motorway cuts through the Kresna gorge, threatening to drive dozens of unique species to extinction. Read more>> 2. The road also endangers the livelihood of local people who rely on their fertile land, clean air, and tourism opportunities. Read more>> 3. The case points to substantial loopholes in the management of EU funds, which allow the destruction of a valuable natural site. Read more>> 4. At least one viable alternative routing outside the gorge exists, but the Bulgarian government refuses to acknowledge its benefits. Read more>>
Background
The Bulgarian government planned to build the Struma motorway many years ago. The initial route of the motorway was supposed to go directly through the Kresna gorge, a Natura2000 site, and the town of Kresna.
In 2002, an alternative routing plan had been designed by independent engineers, passing outside the gorge and avoiding inhabited areas, arable lands, the most precious natural habitats and biological corridors, and the mineral springs in the region.
After intervention by the European Commission and the Standing Committee of the Bern Convention, the Bulgarian government initiated a new Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in 2006 to ensure that all proposed variants for the motorway were properly studied.
In 2007, as a result of the final EIA, locals, road authorities, non-governmental organisations and relevant ministries agreed on a concrete route for the motorway outside of the Kresna Gorge, only to abandon it in 2017 under the pressure of construction companies.
In 2017 and 2018 the Bulgarian government and parliament changed laws and rules restricting democratic civil rights in the country to allow special “fast-track approval” of strategic projects like the Struma Motorway. It has become significantly more difficult to challenge the project of “national strategic importance”.
TAKE ACTION
Over 160,000 petition to save the Kresna Gorge
Thousands of citizens across Europe signed a petition calling that European laws for the protection of nature are respected and the pristine valley of Kresna Gorge in Bulgaria is saved from destruction. Don’t stand by, add your name to the petition.
Invaluable natural site
Kresna gorge is home to 92 protected species, and part of the EU’s Natura 2000 network of protected areas. More butterfly species live on one square kilometre of the Kresna gorge than in all of the UK.
Since construction of the motorway started in 2011, the traffic through the Kresna gorge has caused severe decline of the populations of protected bats, turtles and snakes.
Any construction work in the Kresna gorge risks exacerbating and making irreversible damage to the protected habitats and species of the gorge.
Photos: “Save Kresna gorge” coalition
Impacts on local livelihoods
The town of Kresna at the southern end of the Kresna gorge will suffer from the construction as well: the motorway will pass at a distance of 30 metres from outlying homes and the local school.
The people of Kresna would lose their most fertile agriculture lands, their clean air and the possibilities of tourism development in the region. Ecotourism, such as white water rafting, kayaking and biking, has already developed in the Kresna gorge area and will be significantly hampered by the motorway construction.
Diverting the motorway out of the gorge and away from the town will protect the natural environment and will turn the existing road into a tourist route, as opposed to a massive transportation corridor.
Maladministration of public money
In January 2019 we petitioned the Ombudsman to end the prolonged maladministration by the Commission of EUR 605 million in EU Cohesion funds that the Bulgarian government intends to spend on the Struma motorway.
In 2013 the Commission conditioned funding of the Struma motorway on “avoiding the environmentally sensitive Kresna Gorge”, a prerequisite for further financing of other parts of the motorway. But insufficient oversight of Bulgaria by the Commission has allowed the project to proceed in spite of violations to the EU’s Habitats Directive, the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive, and international conventions.
Costs analysis
The decision by the Bulgarian government to extend the southbound routing of the motorway through the Kresna gorge has been called a compromise to enable a speedier and less expensive completion of the motorway.
Yet according to our analyses, the costs of construction of this ‘version’ will be the same – if not more – than if the motorway was constructed entirely outside the gorge. This is because our calculations include more than just the construction costs of the project, but also the economic opportunities resulting from lost livelihoods of local farmers whose lands in the area of Kresna will be appropriated and destroyed, and as well as costs to tourism like rafting, which is a key contributor to the economic activity of Kresna.
Latest news
Бернската конвенция отхвърли исканията на зелените за спиране на АМ Струма през Кресненското дефиле
Bankwatch in the media | 2 December, 2022За седми пореден път представителите на 47-те страни, подписали Бернската конвенция, отхвърлиха исканията на българските еколози за спиране …
Read moreIt’s time for the European Commission to act and protect the Kresna Gorge biodiversity sanctuary
Blog entry | 16 September, 2022After years of trying to use EU funds to build a motorway through a Natura 2000 zone, Bulgaria now has a chance to spend EU money to counter the increasing traffic in Kresna Gorge and protect its biodiversity.
Read moreПриродозащитници: дори и да строим през Кресна без европари, евроконтрол ще има
Bankwatch in the media | 21 January, 2020След като правителството се отказа от европейското финансиране за лот 3.2. за автомагистрала “Струма”, има риск българските граждани да платят два пъти цената на строежа през Кресненското дефиле – веднъж в плащания на строителните фирми и втори път в р
Read moreRelated publications
Illegal damage and threat of destruction of the Kresna Gorge, Bulgaria – complaint summary
Official document | 12 July, 2017 | Download PDFThis is a summary of a complaint to the EU Commission that was lodged to save the protected Bulgarian Kresna Gorge from a destructive motorway that received EU funding. It alleges that the construction of the controversial motorway is already breaking EU nature laws, and warns that completing the final section through Kresna Gorge nature reserve would be catastrophic for protected animals and plants in the region.
Letter to the European Commission regarding the shift of Kresna Gorge motorway’s financing to past 2013
Advocacy letter | 23 July, 2009 | Download PDFEU financing of the motorway corridor through Kresna Gorge, the most controversial and difficult section of the Struma motorway, has been shifted to the next financial period 2014-2020. While an agreement between NGOs and the Bulgarian government states that the route will be implemented via tunnel(s) in order to preserve the area’s great biodiversity, environmentalists now fear that once other parts of the motorway are completed, the tunnel route might be scrapped by the Bulgarian authorities.
